When creating a character, the general advice is to make them three-dimensional. And that's an easy concept to understand.
A character should be
You get the picture, but knowing this list doesn't mean it'll translate to your characters. Now, there are entire professor-level courses on the breakdowns of how to create a character, and that's not what this article will be about. This article will introduce the basics of why your character might be flat. If you have any further questions, please don't hesitate to let me know.
First, we need to examine what a flat character is and whether flat characters are inherently bad.
A flat character is someone who doesn't change throughout the story. When the reader is introduced to them, that's who they are throughout the rest of the story. For a lot of reasons, this is seen as bad, especially for your main character. Readers tend to like characters who struggle, go up and down with their emotions, do a little back and forth, that kind of thing.
Here are some examples of bad flat characters:
Now, whether or not you agree with this list isn't the important part. It's that these characters have been criticised for being flat by the general public, and because of that, people don't like them. Now, take a look at these flat characters that people seemed to enjoy.
These characters are also viewed as flat, but they are generally loved, and this is what I want to explore in this article. The idea of flat characters, and when you should add them to your story, compared to when you shouldn't.
Bad Flat Characters
Suppose you want to look up bad flat characters. In that case, chances are you'll have a much easier time finding examples of female characters instead of males. That comes down for a couple of reasons, the main one being, sexism...in fact, almost any other reason I can think of can come back to sexism...In the past, female characters were often included in stories primarily to boost the male protagonist's ego. In newer stories, they're so cool and badass that they don't have a unique personality. (Which isn't seen as a bad thing for male characters).
Have you ever heard the phrase "it's difficult to write woman characters"? Well... It's not, but that phrase has been circulating the writing circle for so long that chances are you'll hear it. (Same thing goes for people of colour and disabled characters, but that's for another topic.)
Many writers, when creating woman characters (or other non-masculine ones), tend to rely on stereotypes. Stereotypes are meant to be one-dimensional. Stereotypes don't have depth beyond a simple premise. If you create a traditional wife character, her entire personality will be that of a conventional wife. If you make a "I'm super cool and badass character", that will become her whole personality.
To explain why others view certain characters as flat let's examine a few examples, starting with Bella from Twilight.
Bella
Bella was designed to be flat; that was the intention behind her creation. She was supposed to be a self-insert for you, the reader and the viewer. The problem comes from the fact that you, the reader, have more emotions than Bella so it's hard to imagine yourself as Bella when Bella doesn't show any emotions about what's going on.
Let's compare her to Link, from The Legend of Zelda.
Link is also designed to be a self-insert. He's been created in a way that doesn't reveal any gender preference, so it's easier for both men and women to connect with him. He's a silent protagonist (kind of), so why do so many people enjoy Link over Bella?
It's because he still has emotions (most of the time). You see him act surprised, scared, shocked, happy, and sad by what's going on around him. He's still a flat character, but it's because of the limited instances where he does react that people tend to enjoy him.
Link is also surrounded by a lot of colourful characters, compared to Bella. The majority of the characters from Twilight are just as flat. No one bounces off each other. What's the difference between Bella, Edward, and Jacob? Even if you create a flat character, their voice should be distinct enough that you know what they'll say in any situation and they'll say it differently from others.
Thanos (MCU)
Thanos (from the MCU) had one goal, and that was it. He was nothing more than a plot device for the heroes. He shows up, grabs the Infinity Stones, wipes out half of the population in the entire universe, dies, and that's it.
When you're just looking at him, he's completely forgettable, which is funny since he was like the main villain for a good portion of the story. And yet people still enjoy him, and that's because of the other characters like Iron Man. Iron Man is invested in Thanos, so we are as well. Iron Man is upset, so are we. It's because of Iron Man that some people tend to forget just how flat and forgettable Thanos was. And that's one of the secrets of flat characters, their supporting cast.
Friendship
Both Thanos and Bella are examples of poorly written flat characters. Still, one is viewed as being better than the other, and this perception is primarily influenced by how different characters perceive and interact with them.
Like I said before, everyone in Twilight acted the same. They all showed tiny emotions, and none of them had unique personalities. It's hard to get invested in a story if the characters themselves don't seem invested in the narrative. However, when Tony Stark saw Peter Parker die. We saw him cry, we saw him get upset, we care about what Thanos did because Iron Man cared about what he did. Despite being a flat character, Thanos is often overlooked due to the significant impact he has on the other characters and the overall story itself.
Villains often have an easier time being flat because they merely need to exist as a foil or obstacle for the hero. However, that doesn't mean every flat villain gets a pass because of the hero.
Kylo Ren from Star Wars is often viewed as Vader, but worse. Yeah, Rey hates him and bounces off him. He also impacts the story, but viewers found it difficult to latch onto him because he wasn't unique enough. In the world of Star Wars, to stand out from the rest, you need to be exceptional. You need to either do something or represent something that no one else has done before. Ren felt like Vader, and we already had a Vader. The same goes for Rey; she felt like Luke, and we already had a Luke.
Good Flat Characters
Not many people discuss the benefits of well-developed flat characters and why they're effective. Good flat characters are compelling for several reasons, primarily because they complement the story and the characters.
He's just a cool dude.
James Bond is a stereotypical hero. He's cool, gets the girl, never fails; he's perfect. A lot of people enjoy him because of the characters who bounce off of him. They remember the villains, his support crew, and how people respond when interacting with him. The same can be said for the Doomguy, or Master Chief, or nearly any "macho" kind of hero.
The flat "macho" archetype only works if the rest of the cast and crew support it. What makes Doomguy fun is knowing he only cares about one thing...killing demons. So the story needs to reflect that. People react to him about his obsession with killing demons, and the demons are scared of him. It's to the point where the story itself is making fun of him.
Also, be aware of what your reader and viewer are in for. Will your story evoke strong emotions, or will it be more lighthearted? Both James Bond and the Doomguy are just male fantasy stories at the end of the day. So, we're not expecting character depth from either of them, which is why they can be flat, but that's not a bad thing.
Comic relife
Not every character is going to be three-dimensional; case in point, many comic relief characters are typically written to be flat. They have one job: to be funny, and that's it. The hard part of making these characters good is, well, making them funny. A lot of flat comic relief characters can get called out for being poorly written because they only have one or two jokes, or they're more annoying than amusing.
Can flat characters still show emotions?
Yes, and I would like to point out Hamilton from the musical. He doesn't change throughout the entire story. He keeps climbing that ladder with every song. He's a know-it-all, has an ego, and frequently calls out others. Many people enjoy Hamilton because they either relate to him or find the story to be emotionally moving.
His story of never quitting and always doing what must be done to get what he wants can encourage others to try the same. He's not a reactive protagonist; he's very much an active one, so despite being flat. The audience cares about him and what he's going through.
Flat characters doesn't equal bad.
A flat character means they don't change; however, as long as the story and the characters that surround them can reflect this. You can create fun flat characters. But what if you don't want a flat character? Why do your characters keep coming across as flat, and what can you do to fix it?
This might be a complex challenge to overcome, especially if you are autistic, as a lot of autistic people (myself included) have a hard time expressing or showing our emotions.
Going back to my list of what makes a 3-dimensional character, I said they need to be "relatable", but what does that mean? If your main character is a man, will those who identifies as another gender relate? If you're creating a soldier, will people who has never been a soldier, can they relate?
A 3-dimensional character needs to be complex and unique, but again, what does that mean? You could create a noir cop who cares about nothing but bringing justice to an unjust world, but that's not complex or unique. So you give him a soft side, an ex who broke up with him because he's in love with his job... that's also not unique, though. I've been told that nothing is original anymore, and if that's true, how can you create a distinctive character?
Here's how I create some of my characters: I start by making them as flat as possible, serving as a baseline.
Let's go with a wealthy playboy. He's my base. I couldn't be more generic than this.
Now that I know what my character is, I'll need to find something that offsets this. Something you might not expect to see in a character like this. This guy is really into LARPing. Not many people, when they see a wealthy playboy, would also think of LARPing, so that makes him stand out.
So, I got my baseline, and I got something that makes him stand out, knowing these two things can help me build off his character because I get to ask myself, "Why does he larp?" "Do others know about this?" "What skills, and what kind of personality would he have by juggling his rich playboy life and a LARPing one?"
Flat characters are often described as one-note, so having two things that are very different from each other could start making your characters feel a bit more rounded. When it comes to Bella, Rey, Ren, and Thanos, what is there to them besides plot? Real people have things they like and enjoy. Going back to our playboy character, he might hate clubbing. Why go to a nightclub and dance when you can dress up as a knight and fight people?
It's not just the nightclub he dislikes, but also the culture that surrounds it. The number of people in a cramped place, or maybe it's the drugs he can smell, or perhaps he doesn't like alcohol. You can always go into more detail if you wish.
A flat voice versus a round one
Let's say you got your character, you got their baseline, you got something they like, and you know what they dislike. Yet for some reason, they're still coming across as flat. What are you doing wrong?
This comes down to emotions and how we express ourselves. Suppose the playboy character exhibits the same emotions and manners when interacting with billionaires as he does with larpers. In that case, he's not changing that much. He's staying the same. Real people change when they meet different people, so your characters should do the same.
Also, is your character plot-driven, or do you allow them to take a break? Do you allow them to make mistakes, and if so, how do they react? There needs to be bumps and dips in your character, as well as highs and lows. Starting and ending the story as a confidant means they haven't changed much.
There's one more thing about creating non-flat characters.
What has changed?
Look at them at the start of their story and look at them in the end. How much of them have changed? I like to make notes of who they were before the start of the book and who they are at the end.
Keeping with the playboy character, he's rich, loves the laddies, confidant, athletic, and has an ego.
Not everything about him needs to change, but enough does so that it's noticeable he's no longer the same. Let's say, at the end of the story, he's no longer rich, and perhaps he has found his one true love, but it was only after he shed his ego. He'll still be athletic, and maybe still a bit confidant, but there's a new thing: he's a lot more humble now.
Characters are expected to grow and develop throughout the story. So, what has your character learned that they didn't know about at the start?
That’s about it for trying to avoid flat characters. I hope you learned something and if you have any other questions about creating characters please feel free to let me know.